The extreme altitude variation, the Himalayas, and the air pressure in the Bay of Bengal foster an amazingly diverse flora & fauna within a short distance. The unique geographic position of Nepal rewards the country with such diverse climates that range from the hot & humid air of India & Central Africa to cold & arid climate of Europe & Antarctica. The climatic & vegetation pattern divide Nepal into four major zones: Tropical, Subtropical, Temperate, and Sub-alpine.

The tropical climate in the plain encourages dense tropical forests that make up the habitat for a wide range of endangered wild species. The national park of Chitwan is a world famous habitat for various wild beasts and aquatic animals like tiger, rhino elephant, and the gharial crocodile that were once on the verge of extinction. The Bardiya National Park in Western Nepal conserves different varieties of deer species. Similarly, some Gangetic Dolphins have also been observed in Nepal’s large rivers like Kosi and Karnali. The Kosi Tappu of Nepal homes a large variety of birds including some rare ones like recently discovered new Warbler.

The pine and helmlock forests that cover the upper mountain region are home to more than 118 species of birds including Nepal’s national bird the Danphe (the Pheasant). Nepal’s national flower the Laligurans (the Rhododendron) are also the native of the temperate upper mountain regions. Many used to consider snakes to be inhabitants of the tropical Terai of Nepal until the Nepali scientist & professor discovered a new species of pit viper in Katmandu’s Godavari.

The Alpine temperatures further above shelter the snow leopard & a wide variety of Himalayan birds, but only the yaks prove themselves as successful livestock. The rare herbs like the famous aphrodisiac fungus Yarchagumba( insect in the summer & fungi in the winter) are found in some parts of Alpine zone during the winter.